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Wagari

Greener
Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol. 9(4), pp. 447-458, 2019

ISSN: 2276-7770

Copyright ©2019, the copyright of this article is
retained by the author(s)

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2019.4.102319190

https://gjournals.org/GJAS

 

 

 

 

 

Importance
and Management of Sorghum Smuts with Special Reference To: the Covered Kernel
Smut (Sphacelotheca sorghi [Link] Clinton), Loose Kernel Smut (Sphacelotheca
cruenta
[Kuhn] Potter) and Head Smut (Sphacelotheca
reiliana
[Kuhn] Clinton)

 

 

* Michael Kebede Wagari

 

*Ethiopian
Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Werer Agricultural Research Center,
P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

 

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

 

Article No.: 102319190

Type: Review

DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2019.4.102319190

Sorghum known to
be associated with one of the most important diseases of seed- and soil-borne
pathogens Sphacelotheca spp.
causing the smuts. Sorghum smuts remains to be an important biotic factor
constraining its efficient productions in semi-arid tropics regions of the
world especially Africa and Asia. The infections are entirely either through
leaves, stalk, peduncle, panicle or the grain; while damages are almost
entirely confined to the heads or panicles; reducing both the grain yield and
forage value. The methods for controlling sorghum smuts are diverse depending
on factors of the crop natures, the pathogens group, the socio­economic
conditions, agricultural developments and environmental concerns. Even
though; commonly various control measures like: chemical controls; cultural
and traditional practices, biological controls and use of resistant varieties
are practiced, the control of sorghum smut remains very challenging in many
sorghum growing regions related to the pathogens infection mechanisms twinned
with its severities and distributions. The controls of smuts are primarily
believed possible through the use of resistant varieties and seed treatments.
Direction on the use of resistant varieties, it has been difficult to find
cultivars with multiple resistances against all the major diseases progress.
Seed dressing with fungicide has been one of the cheapest and the most
effective means of controlling seed-borne sorghum smut diseases yet lack of
information, availability and cost of the chemicals were the major
constraints for wider adoption by the target groups–resource poor,
smallholder farmers from the developing countries. Therefore, for continued
sustainable production of sorghum, the managements of these sorghum smuts are
important through cultural practices, chemical control, biological control
and use of resistant varieties by farmers must be emphasized. Therewith, the
overall objectives of this article is to give a general overviews over the
importance, occurrences, epidemiology and control measures used for the major
economically important sorghum smut diseases of covered kernel smut, loos
kernel smut and head smut
.

 

Submitted: 23/10/2019

Accepted:  29/10/2019

Published: 30/11/2019

 

*Corresponding Author

Michael Kebede Wagari

E-mail: kebedeyomichael@
gmail.com

 

Keywords: Covered
kernel smut; Loose kernel smut; Head smut; Sorghum; Sphacelotheca spp

 

 

 


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Cite this Article: Wagari, MK (2019). Importance and Management
of Sorghum Smuts with Special Reference To: the Covered Kernel Smut (Sphacelotheca sorghi [Link] Clinton),
Loose Kernel Smut (Sphacelotheca
cruenta
[Kuhn] Potter) and Head Smut (Sphacelotheca
reiliana
[Kuhn] Clinton). Greener
Journal of Agricultural Sciences
9(4): 447-458,
https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2019.4.102319190   

.

 

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